早熟优质籼稻三系不育系伍天A的选育

Breeding of High-quality, Early-maturing Indica Rice CMS Lines

【目的】选育早熟优质三系不育系,为优质稻新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】2007年早季以泉5B/天丰B的F4代为父本,与不育系泉5A测交,经过多代回交和多年观察筛选,选育早熟优质三系不育系新品种。【结果】选育出的早熟优质不育系伍天A,于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定(闽审稻20190047),表现育性稳定,不育株率100%,不育度99.99%;异交率高,柱头总外露率64.77%;米质优,稻米的主要品质指标:整精米率66.0%、粒长6.7 mm、长宽比3.4、垩白粒率4%、垩白度0.6%、透明度1级、碱消值7.0级、胶稠度50 mm、直链淀粉含量23.8%,其中整精米率、垩白度、透明度、碱消值均达到NY/T593-2013《食用稻品种品质》一等食用籼稻品种品质标准,但胶稠度、直链淀粉含量等指标还不够理想,需在保持其优质早熟等优良特性的基础上,对品质性状进行改造提升;早熟,播始历期均在66 d左右,与天丰A相同;配合力强,伍天A与R713配组育成的三系稻新组合--伍天A/R713于2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定(闽审稻20190035)。【结论】伍天A是一个育性稳定、异交率高、米质优、早熟、配合力强的三系不育系,可以配制出优质、多种熟期的三系杂交水稻新组合。

【Objective】To breed high-quality,early-maturing CMS lines of Indica rice.【Method】The F4 lines derived from Quan 5 B×Tianfeng B hybrid was used as male parent to cross with CMS line Quan 5 A in spring 2007 to develop a new rice CMS line,Wutian A,after several backcrossing,observations,and selections for further breeding purpose.【Result】The newly bred high-quality,early-maturing Wutian A was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019(Certificate No.20190047).It was stable on male sterility,100%on plant sterility,99.99%on pollen sterility,high on outcrossing,and 64.77%on stigma exposure.The rice had the desirable quality with grains that were 66.0%unbroken,6.7 mm long and 3.4 on length/width ratio,4%of chalky appearance and 0.6%on chalkiness reading,23.8%in amylose content,and Grade A on transparency,7.0 on alkali spreading value,and 50 mm on gel consistency after cooking.Among those characteristics,the non-breakage,chalkiness,transparency and alkali spreading value were top rated for edible Indica rice on quality according to the standards set forth by the Quality of Edible Rice Variety.Whereas,the amylose content and gel consistency could be upgraded with improvements.Like Tianfeng A,Wutian A had a 66 d sowing-to-heading maturation period and strong combining ability.Using Wutian A as the female parent to cross R713 as the male parent,an elite hybrid combination,Wutian A/R713,was bred and certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019(Certificate No.20190035).【Conclusion】Wutian A,a new CMS cultivar with stable male sterility,high crossing rate,desirable grain quality,early maturation,and strong combining ability,was considered an excellent cultivar for breeding new varieties of 3-line combination hybrid rice.