新中国成立70年小学数学课程内容的发展历程、趋势与诉求

The Development of Primary School Mathematics Curriculum Content in the 70 Years Since the Founding of The People’s Republic of China: Course, Trend and Demand

课程改革是基础教育改革的重要内容之一。课程内容的发展足以映射课程改革的方向与诉求。新中国成立70年来,我国小学数学课程内容的发展经历了四个阶段,即"以算术知识技能为中心"阶段(1949-1977年)、"重视双基,着眼数学思想与能力"阶段(1978-2000年)、"四基并重,强调四能"阶段(2001-2013年)、"素养统筹"阶段(2014年以来),呈现出"由专宠显性到关注隐性"的发展趋势。据此,小学数学课程内容形成了兼顾显隐性的"两类四面七要素"的现实样态。显性课程内容(即"双基")的课程教材建设已相对成熟,竭力完成素养统领的隐性课程内容的课程教材建设则成为课程发展的时代诉求。

Curriculum reform is one of the important contents of basic education reform. Curriculum content reform is the core of curriculum reform. In the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the development of the content of primary school mathematics curriculum has gone through four stages: "taking arithmetic knowledge and skills as the center"(1949-1977);"attaching importance to knowledge and skill, focusing on mathematical thinking and ability"(1978-2000);"attaching equal importance to four foundations, emphasizing four abilities"(2001-2013);"quality education planning"(since 2014). The development of curriculum content of mathematics in primary schools shows a trend from emphasizing knowledge to paying attention to accomplishment. Accordingly, the content of primary school mathematics curriculum has formed a realistic pattern of "two types and four sides" that takes account of both explicit and implicit contents. The construction of the curriculum content of the explicit curriculum content(that is "double base") has been relatively mature. It is the time to think about how to construct the textbook of hidden curriculum content of quality education.