行走的书簏:中古时期的文献记忆与文献传播

Walking Bamboo Trunk for Books:the Literature Memory and Diffusion in Early Medieval China

在东汉到唐的几百年间,物质文献因纸张逐渐代替竹帛而发生重大变革,与之同步发生的另一个重要的文献史现象是,文献记忆极度兴盛,记忆成为纸张之外另一种重要的文献载体。由文献记忆形成的“记忆本”,被当时人视为版本学意义上的文献形态,它全套移植了写本从制作到校勘各个步骤的概念,并可以与写本自如互校。记忆本较写本更为易得、易读、易检、易携,它迫使物质文献不断自我改进,以期尽可能模拟到记忆本之优长,使读者从记诵中解放出来。文献记忆和物质文献共同参与了中古文献的形成和流通,中古文献史的面貌,要比学界过去认识的更加复杂。

In the few centuries from the Eastern Han to the Tang dynasty, there happened significant change in material literature as paper gradually taking the place of bamboo and silk. Simultaneously, literature memory got extremely prosperous at that time, and memory became another kind of literature carrier besides paper. The “memory” edition was regarded as the literature form in the sense of bibliology, which completely transplanted each procedure of written texts from production to collation, and could be collated with the written text freely. Compared to the written text, the memory edition was easier to get, to read, to examin, and to carry. It compelled the material literature to make improvement constantly to learn the advantages of the memory edition, and to make readers free from memorization. Literature memory and material literature participated literature formation and circulation in early medieval period jointly, which formed a condition more complicated than the past understanding.