中国城市居民休闲需求二十年变迁

Changes of Leisure Demand in China:1996-2016

基于1996年和2016年北京市居民生活时间分配调查数据,利用扩展线性支出模型,从时间角度探讨居民休闲需求变迁。研究发现,与20年前相比,居民基本休闲需求时间减少,超额休闲需求占比增加;1996年超额需求与基本休闲需求构成较高同构性,2016年超额需求更倾向于多样化的休闲方式,居民休闲需求愈发强烈。目前国民基本休闲需求仍停留在娱乐、消遣层面,尚未将其作为提高自身素质的途径,公益性、文化性内涵丰富的休闲活动需求比较低迷,休闲需求层次有待提高。为更好地满足国民休闲需求,应从提高居民休闲能力、优化休闲产品和服务供给结构、出台相应休闲消费政策三个方面入手促进国民休闲消费需求。

Based on the survey data of Beijing residents'life time distribution in 1996 and 2016,this paper uses the extended linear expenditure model to explore the change of residents'leisure demand from the perspective of time.The study found that compared with the data 20 years ago,the basic leisure demand time of residents decreased,and the proportion of excess leisure demand increased;in 1996,the excess demand and the basic leisure demand had a similar structure,but in 2016,the excess demand was more inclined to diversified leisure ways,and the residents'leisure demand was more and more intense.However,the basic leisure needs are still at the level of entertainment and recreation,which has not been taken as a way to improve their own quality.The demand for public welfare and cultural leisure activities is relatively lower.In order to better meet the national leisure demand,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations from three aspects,including improving the national leisure ability,optimizing the supply structure of leisure products and services,and introducing corresponding leisure consumption policies.