先兆子痫对脑结构和功能影响的研究进展

Advances in the effects of preeclampsia on brain structure and function

先兆子痫(preeclampsia,PE)是一种影响包括大脑在内的多个器官的妊娠特异性综合征。尽管在终止妊娠或分娩后PE的症状会逐渐消退,但先兆子痫病史(history ofpreeclampsia,HPE)将在女性以后的生活中成为高血压(hypertension)和心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的一个危险因素,因此,PE可能与认知功能障碍(cognitive impairment)有关。研究表明,有HPE的女性大脑中可能发生长期的病理变化,例如持续的脑白质病变(white matter lesions,WML),并且PE可能是早期脑血管损害的危险标志物。PE的长期影响主要是认知功能障碍,如记忆力下降、注意力不集中及反应速度迟钝。此外,通过观察有HPE的老年女性后发现其大脑结构和功能的某些变化类似于一些神经疾病的改变,如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)。笔者旨在探讨PE对大脑结构和功能可能造成的长期影响,并就先兆子痫的神经影像学研究进展进行综述。

Preeclampsia(PE)is a pregnancy-specific syndrome affecting multiple organs including the brain.Although the symptoms of PE will gradually subside after termination of pregnancy or delivery,the history of preeclampsia(HPE)will become a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease(CVD)in women’s later life,so PE may be associated with cognitive impairment.Studies have shown that long-term pathological changes may occur in the brain of women with HPE,such as persistent white matter lesions(WML),and PE may be a risk marker for early cerebrovascular damage.The long-term effects of PE are mainly cognitive impairment,such as memory loss,inattention and slow response.In addition,some changes in brain structure and function in elderly women with HPE were found to be similar to those in some neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD).This article aims to explore the possible long-term effects of PE on brain structure and function.The author reviews the neuroimaging research progress of preeclampsia.