汕头市学龄前儿童特应性皮炎患病情况及危险因素研究

Study on prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis in preschoolers in Shantou

目的:调查汕头市3~6岁儿童特应性皮炎(AD)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法:通过整群抽样抽取汕头市金平区9家幼儿园中3~6岁的儿童共782名,通过现场问卷调查收集研究对象的一般资料与皮肤健康情况并进行诊断,AD诊断采用"张氏标准"。结果:3~6岁儿童AD总患病率为27.11%,男女患病率接近。AD儿童中有家族过敏性疾病史者为98.12%,远远高于非AD儿童,AD儿童经常暴露于毛绒玩具、二手烟环境、居住平房及养宠物等危险因素中。结论:我国沿海城市儿童AD患病率已经接近发达国家;"张氏标准"同样适用于儿童AD的诊断;母乳喂养、混合喂养与人工喂养儿童AD的患病率接近。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis(AD) in preschoolers aged 3~6 years in Shantou. Methods: A total of 782 children aged 3~6 years were enrolled from nine kindergartens in Jinping District of Shantou.General information and skin health status of children were collected through on-site questionnaire and dermatological examination. The diagnosis of AD was made by Zhang’s criterion. Results: Overall prevalence of AD was 27.11%, with approximately equal prevalence in boys and girls. In comparison with non-AD children, larger portion of AD children(98.12%) had a family history of allergic diseases. Risk factors for AD in preschoolers included contacting plush toys and pets, exposure to second-hand smoking, living in bungalow, etc. Conclusions: The prevalence of AD in preschoolers in coastal cities of China is similar to that in developed countries. The Chinese Standard of the Zhang’s criterion is also applicable to the diagnosis of AD in children. The prevalence of AD are comparable among breast-fed, mixed-fed and artificial-fed children.