试析西藏“异常诞生”母题故事的民俗文化内涵

An Analysis of the Folk Cultural Connotations of the “Abnormal Birth” folktales in Tibet

"异常诞生"作为核心母题的故事类型群,它具有在全世界诸多民族中普遍传承的特点。西藏"异常诞生"母题的故事,包括无生物界的岩石、生物界的动植物、三界诸神以及人与动物交合生人等,存在多种"异常诞生"的现象。西藏此类故事中展现的"卵生人""牛生人怪"以及"三界诸神生人"等特点,不仅反映了藏族认识自然与人类自身的特质,同时也展示了藏族采用、接受和融合多种文化的能力;尤其值得指出的是,西藏"异常诞生"母题的故事,涉及民族文化英雄(如格萨尔王)的神奇诞生,具有独特的民俗文化内涵。

"Abnormal birth"as the core motive of the folktale type group,it is popular in many cultures.The content of folktales of Tibet’s"abnormal birth"included the rocks of the non-biological world,the flora and fauna of the biological world,the three gods and the human-animal interaction.There are many"abnormal birth"phenomenons.This paper discusses the characteristics of"egg-laying"and"three-world gods"in such stories in Tibet,and considers that it not only reflects the Tibetans’understanding of nature and human characteristics,but also shows the ability of Tibetans to create,adopt,accept and integrate multiple cultures;The folktales of the subject matter,related to the magical birth of the national cultural heroes(such as King Gesar),with a unique folk culture connotation.