环境问题合作治理的政策工具运用偏好与优化——基于34份政策文本的内容分析

Policy Tool Preference and Optimization of Environmental Cooperative Governance: Based on Content Analysis of 34 Policy Texts

合作治理是解决环境问题的新模式。政策工具的科学运用是合作治理形成与发展的重要保障。运用内容分析法,以中央级环境政策为对象,聚焦于政府与社会主体的合作,以“政策工具—合作治理过程—合作治理内容”为分析框架,探究国家在推进和规范环境问题合作治理上运用的政策工具偏好。国家运用的政策工具以权威型工具为主导,且主要用于合作治理的建立环节,环境服务合作治理上的政策工具数量最多。应当建立权威型工具运用的追踪评价机制,提高激励型、能力建设型等工具的运用程度,增强政策工具的精准性,扩大政策工具运用范围,以构建环境问题合作治理的新格局。

Cooperative governance is a new model to solve environmental problems.The scientific application of policy tools is an important guarantee for the formation and development of cooperative governance.Using the content analysis method,taking the central level environmental policy as the object,focusing on the cooperation between the government and social subjects,and taking the“policy tools-cooperative governance process-cooperative governance content”as the analysis framework,this paper explores the preference of policy tools used by the state in promoting and regulating the cooperative governance of environmental issues.The policy tools used by the state are mainly authoritative tools,which are mainly used in the establishment of cooperative governance.The number of policy tools in environmental service cooperative governance is the largest.We should establish a tracking and evaluation mechanism for the use of authoritative tools,improve the use of incentive and capacity-building tools,enhance the accuracy of policy tools,and expand the scope of policy tools to build a new pattern of cooperative governance of environmental issues.