论匿名货币洗钱模式的刑法规制——以区块链技术的结构特征为导向

On the Criminal Law Regulation of Anonymous Electronic Money Laundering--Guided by the Structural Characteristics of Block Chain Technology

洗钱犯罪模式可分为直接洗钱和间接洗钱两种。匿名货币基于区块链技术实现,具有可流通性、不可溯源性以及去中心化的特点。通过匿名货币实施交易行为可以使双方真实身份无法被外界所探知,隔绝了通过交易信息定位到司法管辖错位的可能。无论是利用匿名货币的特性直接洗钱,或者结合其他洗钱方式混合间接洗钱,均对国际金融秩序产生巨大危害。为打击匿名货币洗钱犯罪活动,应以匿名货币技术为导向完善“洗钱罪”的条文构成,同时优化刑事治理模式,并构建宽严相济的刑法适用原则。

The patterns of laundering money could be divided in direct laundering and indirect launder⁃ing.Anonymous electronic money based on the technology of block-chain is possessing the abilities of circulating,decentralization and preventing tracing.Trading by anonymous electronic cash can make both sides invisible to polices,preventing them to be found.It will bring a great harm to the interna⁃tional financial order whether launder money by direct or indirect.In order to combat crime,penal code should be adjusted with block-chain-technology-oriented thought.Besides,optimizing the gover⁃nance's model and building a criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy at present stage.