论满汉文化交融下的丧葬舞蹈《摆字龙灯》

On Swinging Character Dragon Lantern——A Funeral Dance Formed Through Culture Blending of the Manchu&Han Nationality

河北保定国家级“非遗”舞蹈《摆字龙灯》,是源于承德离宫的清音十番伴奏的宫廷龙舞形式,成型于清西陵守陵人为祭祀雍正帝而形成的祭典舞蹈形式,现今流行于河北易县忠义村农民们的节日性、民俗性舞蹈。《摆字龙灯》舞蹈的主体形态为龙,龙是中华民族固有的图腾崇拜与精神象征,是汉族标志性的民间舞蹈种类,“摆字”之形式的记载则是来自于唐朝武则天命人摆形以彰显功德,庆福祝寿,也是来源于大汉民族的文化影响。而“断龙”谒陵则是在满族特有丧葬文化影响和满清陵寝文化制度中所形成的。由此可见,“非遗”舞蹈《摆字龙灯》孕育着汉族文化和满族文化交融的内在基因和满汉一家亲的文化寓意,从而形成现今所特有的舞蹈形态。

Swinging Character Dragon Lantern,a national intangible cultural heritage of Baoding,Hebei,was generated from a kind of dragon dance served in Chengde Temporary Imperial Palace,accompanied on Juban by voiceless sound,and it was formed as a sacrificial dance that the keepers of Mausoleum danced to mourn over Emperor Yongzheng.Now it is popular in Zhongyi village,Yi county,Hebei,as a festival and folk dance.The main shape of it is a dragon,which stands for the inherent totem worship and spirit of the Chinese nation.It is also a typical folk dance of the Han nationality.The first record of“swinging characters”can be traced back to Tang dynasty,when Emperor Wu ordered people to dance by swinging in shapes of characters,in order to demonstrating merits celebrating long life,under the influence of Han nationality.On the other hand,the“Broken Dragon”of oratory mausoleum was formed under the unique funeral and mausoleum culture system of the Manchu during the Qing Dynasty.Therefore,we may draw the conclusion that the intangible cultural heritage,Swinging Character Dragon Lantern,gestates the internal gene of the blending of Han and Manchu culture as well as the cultural implication of the Manchu and Han as one family,thus it appears in the unique dance form of today.