秦腔《下河东》“三十六哭”本事及文化语意

The Original Quotation and Cultural Meaning of "Thirty-six Crying" in "Xia He Dong" of Shaanxi Opera

传统戏《下河东》因其“三十六哭”唱段的典型性,对秦腔具有不可代替的精神象征意义。“三十六”“四十八”“七十二”,作为蕴含特定语意的吉数,因此这种句数形式唱词,也寄托了民众一种美好真纯的精神向往。秦腔传统剧目多取材于明清时期通俗文学的杂史、话本、演义等,还有的直接源自民间说唱等口头文学方式,内容是戏曲说唱艺术体系中独有的。传统戏的唱词程式是在长期艺术传播中积累而形成,具有一定自律性。古典的戏曲艺术不仅体现了传统社会的俗文化在当代民间生活的文化遗存,也构建着今天中国社会文化的丰富性和多面性。

The traditional opera"Xia He Dong"has irreplaceable spiritual symbolic significance to the Shaanxi Opera(a.k.a Qinqiang Opera)mainly because of the significance of its"thirty-six crying".Numbers like"Thirty-six","forty-eight"and"seventy-two"are fortune numbers with specific meanings in Chinese traditional culture,and thus such a form verse singing represents also people’s strong will for beauty,truth and purity.Most of the traditional Shaanxi Opera are originated from the miscellaneous history,vernacular texts and historical stories in popular literature published during the Ming and Qing dynasties,and some of the rest begin directly from folk Rap and other oral literature,in which the content is unique in the Rap art system.The program of traditional opera is accumulated and formed during the long period of art dissemination.Classical opera art not only reflects the cultural heritage of traditional social culture in contemporary folk life,but also constructs the richness and multifaceted nature of Chinese social culture today.