康德主谓关系思想的批判性分析

A critical analysis on Kant’s subject-predicate relation thought

在前批判时期,康德认为判断中的主谓关系必须遵守形式逻辑才能确定真值,真值是主谓关系的形式规定。在批判时期,康德通过注重非本质谓词,使得先天综合判断得出的知识既具有普遍必然性,同时又具有经验来源。康德在前批判时期没能摆脱实体主义的影响;在批判时期,康德形式地运用范畴架格来对判断进行分类,但这些范畴的内容是空疏的,范畴的数量也不确定。康德的先验逻辑始终把谓词作为一种属性或偶性来解释和说明主词,他没有深入到主词和谓词相互转化的内在机制中去,因而不可避免会陷入二元论。

In the pre-critical period,Kant believed that the subject-predicate relation in judgment must comply with the universal logic to determine truth value,which is the formal stipulation of subject-predicate relation.In the critical period,Kant emphasized the non-essential predicates,so that the knowledge derived from synthetic a priori judgment has universal necessity and empirical source.In the pre-critical period,Kant failed to get rid of the influence of entitivism.During the critical period,Kant formally used category framework to classify judgments,but the content of these categories was empty and the number of categories was uncertain.Kant’s priori logic always takes the predicate as an attribute or even property to explain the subjecthe did not go deep into the internal mechanism of the mutual transformation of subject and predicate,so he inevitably fell into dualism.