侵权损害赔偿的社会化发展与侵权法危机论探究

Analysis on the socialization development of infringement damage compensation and the crisis theory of tort law

保险、保障行业的兴起和发展表征损害赔偿的社会化趋势,二者重在由社会多数人共担风险,运行机理已然溢出侵权法甚至私法体系,属于典型的侵权法外救济手段。相较于侵权法下损害赔偿固有的成本高、耗时长等缺陷,其具备方便快捷、损害补偿有保障的特点。多国统计数据表明,保险、保障作为侵权法外救济手段通常是受害人的优选,由此严重侵蚀了侵权法下损害赔偿尤其是金钱赔偿的适用空间。但仅以此得出侵权法陷入危机甚至走向死亡的结论是荒谬的,侵权法下的责任认定是保险赔付和代位求偿的前提,侵权法下的损害赔偿亦能有效克服其他损害补救手段在补偿额度和补偿范围上的有限性。

The rise and development of commercial insurance and social security represents the socialization trend of damages,which focuses on the risk shared by the majority of the society,and its operation mechanism has spilled over the tort law and even the private law system,so it belongs to a typical means of relief outside the tort law.Compared with the high cost and long time and other defects in damages under tort law,it has the characteristics of convenience,immediacy and assurance in damage restitution.Multiple national statistic data shows that commercial insurance and social security usually become the preference of victims,which seriously eroded the application space of damage compensation,especially monetary compensation in tort law.However,the conclusion to think that the tort law is in crisis or even dying is absurd;liability recognition under tort law is the premise of insurance compensation and subrogation,and compensation for damages under tort law can also effectively overcome the limitation of other remedies for damages in terms of compensation amount and scope.