先秦游侠人格与咏侠诗歌滥觞浅探

On the Personality of Ranger in Pre-Qin Dynasty and the Chivalrous Poems

春秋战国是侠客或游侠这一特殊群体的形成时期,也是侠客所奉行的人生准则和行为风貌逐渐形成的时期。从诞生之初,任侠行为就并不与法律的约定相一致,也常与统治阶级宣扬的道德伦理相扞格。任侠之举或合法或非法,但侠客慕义感分临难不苟的忠勇、重气轻死不爱其躯的疏放、修行砥名有以树立的自励、任张声势擅作威福的骄蛮的人格却具有极大的魅力,给普通人人生各种无力和缺失带来心理的弥补及慰藉,使人生敬仰和效法之心。先秦各种典籍对侠客、侠行、侠节、侠义、侠情有所记录,而且也开始在歌谣中涉及相关内容。这些歌谣是后世咏侠诗歌的简单萌芽。

The spring and autumn period and warring states period are the forming period of the special group of ranger, and also the period when the life principles and behavior styles pursued by ranger are gradually formed. From the beginning of its birth, ranger’s behavior was not consistent with the agreement of the law,and was often incompatible with the morality and ethics advocated by the ruling class. Whether ranger’s behavior is legal or illegal, their arrogant personality has great charm, which brings psychological compensation and comfort to ordinary people. A variety of Pre-qin classics recorded chivalrous, including ballads. These ballads are the seed of chivalrous poetry of later generations.