新型生物抑尘剂γ-聚谷氨酸的抑尘性能及安全性评价

The suppression effect and safety evaluation of poly-γ-glutamic acid, a novel biological dust suppressant

研究了γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的抑尘性能并对其安全性进行评价。采用滤纸负尘、定期模拟风蚀的方法,考察了不同分子量、不同浓度及与多糖复配γ-PGA的抑尘作用;以烟雾模拟扬尘,测试γ-PGA的抑尘效果;考察了γ-PGA对草地早熟禾种子萌发的影响及对碳钢的腐蚀情况。结果表明:高分子量γ-PGA抑尘率较高,12 d内抑尘率仅下降了10.6%;0.100%γ-PGA在第1、3、7、12天抑尘率高于其他组;γ-PGA与透明质酸(HA)、黄原胶(XG)均在复配比为2∶1(质量比)下,抑尘率优于单独使用γ-PGA;喷施0.100%γ-PGA后颗粒物沉降速度比自然沉降速度明显加快,尤其对粒径较小的颗粒物效果较好;γ-PGA可促进草地早熟禾种子萌发;高浓度γ-PGA处理的碳钢片腐蚀率最低。

The dust suppression effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) was studied and its safety was evaluated. The dust suppression effects of γ-PGA at different molecular weight, concentration and coordinated-effects with various polysaccharides were investigated respectively by filter paper loading dust and periodic simulation of wind erosion. The effect of γ-PGA on dust removal was tested by smog simulating dust. The effects of γ-PGA on seed germination of Poa pratensis L. and corrosion of carbon steel were investigated separately. The results showed that the dust suppression rate of high molecular weight γ-PGA was higher and only decreased by 10.6% within 12 days. The dust suppression rate of 0.100%γ-PGA was higher than other groups at 1st, 3rd, 7nd and 12th day. When γ-PGA was mixed with hyaluronic acid or xanthan gum in a ratio of 2∶1, the dust suppression rates were higher than γ-PGA was used alone. After spraying 0.100% γ-PGA, the sedimentation rate of particles was significantly faster than that of natural sedimentation rate, especially for particles with small particle size. γ-PGA could promote growth of seed. The corrosion rate of carbon steel treated with high concentration γ-PGA was the lowest.