富人治村与不完整乡镇政权的自我削弱?——项目进村背景下华北平原村级治理重构的经验启示

Village Governance by the Rich and the Self-weakening of Incomplete Township Regime: An Empirical Analysis Based on Field Investigation in the North China Plain

本文旨在探讨乡镇政权运作能力的视域下,资源匮乏地区富人治村的生成、运作及其后果。通过对华北平原的田野调查和分析,本文主要有以下三个发现:首先,项目进村已然成为乡村治理的主旋律,在“不完整政权”的乡镇,资源匮乏使项目进村与富人治村具有高度亲和性;其次,富人治村从治理主体及其相互间关系、治理任务与治理过程这三个维度上重塑了“不完整政权”下的村级治理;最后,乡镇政权实现了从依赖中坚农民到依赖富人参与的转变,导致原本就不完整的政权随着富人垄断村庄政治和制衡乡村关系而进一步削弱。本文实现了富人治村研究的两个转向:一是研究视域上从基层民主自治到乡镇政权运作能力的转向,二是研究场域上从资源密集地区转向资源匮乏地区的转变。

The purpose of the study is to explore the generation,mechanism and consequences of the village governance by the rich in the resource-poor regions from the perspective of the operation ability of the township regime.Based on the field investigation and analysis in the North China Plain,this article concludes with three main findings.First,the“project into the villages”has become one of the main themes of grassroots governance.Due to financial scarcity,township governments have a high affinity for village governance by the rich people.Secondly,village governance by the rich has reshaped village governance under the incomplete regime from three dimensions:governance agents and their mutual relations,governance tasks and governance processes.Finally,the incomplete regime has changed from relying on farmers’endorsement to the participation of the rich,leading to self-weakening of the incomplete political power of the township regime,as the rich would monopolize village politics and balance rural relations.This study can provide reference in the study of village governance by the rich from two perspectives or research directions:one is the shift from the perspective of democratic autonomy at the grassroots level to the operation ability of the township regime,and the other is the shift from resource-intensive areas to resource deficient areas in the research field.