从战时到战后——东亚总体战体制的形成与演变

From War to Post-War: The Formation and Evolution of the Total War System in East Asia

20世纪东亚的总体战体制形成于日中战争至第二次世界大战时期的日本及中国。在日本国内,为发动侵略战争而采取了构建战时经济、国民精神总动员的政策,这些政策影响到殖民地。而在中国,则为抵抗侵略而建立战时经济体制、动员国民,同时也对实施宪政、实现民主进行摸索。二战时期曾被日本统治的东南亚国家如印度尼西亚,战时体制成为促成其战后民族独立的要素之一。二战结束后,在日本,战时的计划和统制体系被应用于战后重建,在战时经济解除后依然发挥影响。而在中国,战时统制经济在二战结束后曾暂时中断,而后再度复活。后来在中华人民共和国政府领导下,在朝鲜战争爆发后,又为构建强有力的战时体制而选择了彻底实行计划经济的道路。

The total war system of East Asia in the 20th century was formed in Japan and China during the Sino Japanese War and World War II.In order to launch the war of aggression,Japan adopted policies of building the wartime economy and generally mobilizing the national spirits,which affected its colonies.The Chinese government,in order to resist against aggression,tried to build the wartime economic system and mobilize citizens,and also made efforts to undertake constitutionalism and democracy.The wartime system of Southeast Asian countries ruled by Japan during World War II,such as Indonesia,was one of the elements that contributed to the post war national independence.After the end of World War II,in Japan,the wartime plans and the controlled systems were applied to post war reconstructions,and still exerted influences after the wartime economy system had been removed.In China,the wartime controlled economy was temporarily interrupted after the end of World War II and then recovered again.Later,under the leadership of the People s Republic of China,after the outbreak of the Korean War,and in order to build a strong wartime system,the government chose the road of completely implementing controlled and planned economy.