明清时期鸡笼的航路叙事与澎湖针路簿《海不扬波》

The Navigating Routes Narratives of Keelung in Ming & Qing Era and the Penghu Compass Journal Named “The Sea Raises no Waves”

今基隆和平岛或包含其邻近山岭地区,在明清文献中称为“小琉球头”“鸡笼屿”“鸡笼山”,一向为东亚海洋网络的重要地标,为从福建出发经“东洋航路”向北到琉球、日本,向南到吕宋(菲律宾群岛),以及由吕宋及南海各国到日本的航线地标和中继站。相对于鸡笼偏属在东洋航路具有重要地位,位居台湾海峡的澎湖群岛则发挥连结台海、渤海、黄海、东海与南海的关键作用。本文一则探讨明清时期与“鸡笼”航路形势相关的叙事,二则以澎湖仅存的针路簿《海不扬波》为例,检视传统民间船家如何以澎湖为中心来往于各海域;并期能透过二者的对比与连结,综论明清时期鸡笼和澎湖在两岸以及东亚航海网络的特殊性与连贯性。

Keelung or its neighboring mountainous areas are known in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as"Xiaoliuqiu","Keelung Island"and Keelung Mountain".It had been an important landmark for the East Asian maritime network.Based at Fujian,the eastern sea routes extended north to Ryukyu,Japan and south to Luzon(Philippines Islands),and contained many landmarks and relay stations from Luzon throughout the South China Sea to Japan.Compared with Keelung as an important port in East Asian sea routes,Penghu Islands,which are located in the Taiwan Strait,play a key role in linking the two sides of the strait and connecting East Ocean routes and West Ocean routes.This article focuses in examining the navigating routes narratives related to Keelung in Ming&Qing Era;on the other hand,it shall take the example of the only remaining compass journal for Penghu,The Sea Raises no Waves to investigate how the folks took Penghu as a hub port to travel around the two sides of the strait,the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea,the East China Sea and the South China Sea.Through comparison and connection,it will comprehensively discuss the particularity and coherence of Keelung and Penghu for the Taiwan Strait and maritime networks in East Asia during Ming and Qing era.