乌贼生物活性物质研究进展

Research progress on bioactive substances of cuttlefish

乌贼是我国重要的渔业资源,其种类繁多,分布广泛,渔获量大。乌贼营养丰富,具有良好的食用和药用保健价值。近年来关于乌贼生物活性物质的研究主要集中在乌贼墨,而对其他乌贼来源的原料研究相对较少,尤其是对其他乌贼加工下脚料缺乏深入研究。该文综述了近年来关于乌贼墨、乌贼骨、乌贼内脏、乌贼皮、乌贼肌肉、乌贼眼和乌贼喉软骨中的天然生物活性物质,主要包括乌贼墨中的多糖、多肽、肽聚糖和黑色素、乌贼骨中的多糖和甲壳素、乌贼内脏中的多糖和多肽、乌贼皮中的胶原蛋白、乌贼肌肉中的蛋白和多肽、乌贼眼中的透明质酸和乌贼喉软骨中的硫酸软骨素等生物活性物质,对其主要生物活性和相关机制进行综述,并结合乌贼各部分生物活性物质的种类和研究深度提出后续研究建议和发展方向,以期为乌贼和其他海洋头足类动物的综合利用提供基础资料。

Cuttlefish is an important fishery resource in China,with a wide range of species,wide distribution and large catch.Rich in nutrients,cuttlefish shows good edible and medicinal health values.In recent years,the researches on natural bioactive substances of cuttlefish have focused mainly on its ink,while the researches on other source materials of cuttlefish are relatively rare,especially the lack of in-depth study of cuttlefish processing wastes.This paper reviewed the recent research progress on natural bioactive substances in ink,bone,viscera,skin,muscle,eyes and throat cartilage of cuttlefish,mainly including polysaccharides,peptides,peptidoglycans and melanin in ink,polysaccharides and chitin in bone,polysaccharides and peptides in visceral,collagen in skin,proteins and peptides in muscle,hyaluronic acid in eyes and chondroitin sulfate in throat cartilage,etc.The main biological activities and their corresponding mechanisms were also discussed,and the follow-up research suggestions and directions were proposed in combination with the bioactive substance types and research depth of each part of cuttlefish,thus providing basic information for the comprehensive utilization of cuttlefish and other marine cephalopods.