核酸适配体在微流控芯片中筛选及病毒性疾病中应用

Aptamers:Screening in Microfluidic Chips and Application in Viral Diseases

核酸适配体是短的、单链DNA或RNA序列。相较于抗体成本高、不稳定、免疫原性、难修饰的问题,核酸适配体作为新一代亲和试剂,有着免疫原性低、易修饰、靶标范围广等优势。通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment,SELEX)可获得与靶标分子特异性结合的核酸适配体,而如何提高核酸适配体筛选效率是核酸适配体广泛应用的一个瓶颈问题。目前,提高核酸适配体筛选效率的方法种类较多,而微流控SELEX的发展,加速了核酸适配体的发现。核酸适配体作为各种靶标的识别分子,具有诊断和治疗特定疾病的潜力。鉴于此,本文重点介绍核酸适配体在微流控芯片领域进行筛选的研究进展,以及阐述其在病毒性疾病中的应用以及展望。

Aptamers are short,single stranded DNA or RNA sequences.Compared with the high cost,instability,immunogenicity and difficult modification of the antibody,as a new generation of affinity reagent,the aptamer has the advantages of low immunogenicity,easy modification and wide target range.The way to obtain a aptamer that specifically binds to a target molecule is an Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX technology.How to improve the screening efficiency of aptamers is a bottleneck problem in the wide application of aptamers.At present,there are many methods for improving the screening efficiency of aptamers,and the development of microfluidic SELEX technology accelerates the discovery of aptamers.Aptamers,as recognition molecules for various targets,have the potential to diagnose and treat specific diseases.In view of this,this paper focuses on the research progress of aptamers in the field of microfluidic chips,and describes its application and prospects in viral diseases.