语言接触视角下的日源借词解析

Analysis of Japanese Loanwords from the Perspective of Language Contact

语言接触是词汇借用的主要原因。现代汉语中的日源借词主要有借音、借形、借义三种类别,其中借形词占最大的比重,这是由日语本身的特点及日源借词引入到汉语的时代背景和途径所决定的。日源借词的词形和词义往往较为统一,以高融合度进入到汉语体系;而词性和词的感情色彩则更为多元化;其能产性丰富了汉语词汇,加速了汉语的词缀化进程;大量复活的回流词填补了汉语词汇系统的空缺。

Language contact is the main reason for lexical borrowing.Japanese loanwords in modern Chinese are mainly divided into three categories:phonetic loanwords,morphological loanwords and semantic loanwords.Among them,morphological loanwords account for the largest proportion,which is determined by the characteristics of Japanese language itself and the historical background and approach of introducing Japanese loanwords into Chinese language.Japanese loanwords enter the Chinese system with a high degree of fusion of their form and meaning,but more diversified part of speech and the emotional color.Their productivity enriches Chinese vocabulary and accelerates the affixation process of Chinese.A large number of resurrected backflow words fill the vacancy of Chinese vocabulary system.