《海华沙之歌》的程式

Formula of The Song of Hiawatha

米尔曼·帕里研究荷马史诗的一大成果是提出了"程式"这一概念,他据此认为荷马史诗与口头传统密切相关。亨利·华兹华斯·朗费罗在《海华沙之歌》的创作中主动借鉴欧洲史诗的口头传统与格律,匠心独具地使用印第安术语,将这三者完美融合,创造了一系列程式,既革新了英语诗歌语言,又赋予了英语诗歌浓郁的印第安色彩,使《海华沙之歌》获得了迥异于英式诗歌的独特的原创性和鲜明的美国性。朗费罗将欧洲文学传统与美国本土文化元素完美嫁接,践行了他提出的构建美国民族文学的理论主张,为19世纪美国文学的本土化作出了重要贡献。

One of the major research achievements of Millman Parry about Homer’s Epic was that he put forward the concept of"formula",and he hereby concluded that Homer’s Epic was closely related to Oral Traditions.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow actively referred to the Oral Traditions and poetic metre in European Epics when he created The Song of Hiawatha,and deliberately used Indian terms to have achieved perfect fusion of them,and created a series of formulas,which not only revolutionized English poetic language,but also added typical Indian style into English poetry,so The Song of Hiawatha had unique,original and distinctive Americanness that was widely different from British poetry.Longfellow perfectly grafted European literary tradition with American local cultural elements,and practiced his theoretical proposition for constructing American national literature,and made an important contribution to the localization of American literature in the 19 thcentury.