油罐全液面火灾热辐射特性研究

Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Thermal Radiation Characteristics of Full Surface Fire of Oil Tank

基于点源模型,计算分析不同类型油料和不同尺寸油罐全液面火灾周围不同位置的热辐射强度,通过200 m^2油罐全液面火灾实验,对理论计算结果进行验证。结果表明,基于点源模型的理论计算结果与实验测试结果基本一致,且油罐周围目标接受的热辐射强度随着到罐壁距离的增大成指数衰减。热辐射强度与油罐面积和油料类型密切相关。油罐面积越大,周围热辐射强度越大;对于相同面积的油罐全液面火灾,不同类型燃料的热辐射强度从大到小为汽油、柴油、原油。环境风会导致火焰中心向下风向偏移,使得上风向区域的热辐射强度降低。该研究可为油罐全液面火灾科学施救提供指导。

The thermal radiation intensities at different positions around the full surface fire of oil tank with different types of oil and different sizes of oil tanks were calculated and analyzed based on point source model.The theoretical calculation results were verified by a series of 200 m^2 full surface fire experiments of diesel oil tank.The results indicate that the theoretical calculation results based on point source model are basically consistent with the experimental results.The thermal radiation intensities received by the targets at different positions around the oil tank decreases exponentially with the increase of the distances from the targets to the tank wall.It is found that the thermal radiation intensities are closely related to tank areas and fuel types.The larger the tank area is,the greater the thermal radiation intensity around the tank.For the same area of tank fire,the order from large to small of thermal radiation intensity of different types of fuel is gasoline,diesel,crude oil.It is also found that the ambient wind can cause the center of the flame of tank fire to shift downwind,which can reduce the thermal radiation intensity in the upwind region.This study can provide guidance for scientific rescue of full surface fire of large oil tanks.