中国电影“叙事伦理批评”的电影观及研究方法

The Film Concept of Chinese Narrative Ethics Criticism and the Research Method

中国电影叙事伦理批评既不同于模仿论电影观,又不同于结构主义叙事学的电影观,它认为电影是用影像叙事并引导观众“意会”的艺术。其批评方法是在该电影观之下形成的,其主要目的是对影像叙事活动进行伦理识别,并辨析其引导观众主体认同的手段技巧。叙事伦理批评研究方法分为两步:第一步,从叙事技巧入手对影片叙事机制做主体性识别;第二步,分析导演、影像、观众三种主体之间的相互关系,注重叙事伦理对观众主体的建构及其社会文化影响。中国电影叙事伦理批评方法是一种新的批评范式,“以文化人”是中国文化传统的精髓,并与“主体间性”理论共同构成了中国电影叙事伦理批评转型的动力和条件。

The film concept of Chinese narrative ethics criticism differs from mimetic theory and structuralist narrative theory. It believes that film is an art that can deliver story via images and lead its audience to understand and feel it, from which a specific critical theory is developed. The purpose of such criticism is to identify the ethics narrated by the film and then to find out their impacts on the audience or how the ethics “restructure” the audience. The research methods are: (1) discerning the narrative mechanism of the film based on its narrative techniques;(2) analyzing the interrelationship between director, film and audience, and focusing on how the narrative ethics “restructure” the audience and their impacts on society and culture. In brief, Chinese narrative ethics theory set up a new critical paradigm. The essential legacy of Chinese traditional culture is called “illuminating people by narration”. These two factors, combined with the theory of inter-subjectivity, offer the impetus and set the condition for the Chinese film criticism turning towards ethics.