我国虚拟货币的货币地位与法律监管——日本虚拟货币法律规制的借鉴与发展

The Currency Status and Legal Regulation of Virtual Currency In China——Japanese Legal Regulation Model and Development of Virtual Currency

随着互联网技术的发展以及货币去中心化趋势,货币从纸币到虚拟化的趋势不可逆转。但是,由于虚拟货币去中心化和匿名性等特点,导致其难以监管,容易滋生洗钱、资助恐怖主义等犯罪。纯粹通过紧缩的政策与法律来否定虚拟货币的货币地位,不符合互联网技术和货币发展的趋势。我国可以借鉴日本法律监管模式,在承认虚拟货币法律地位的基础上,针对金融机构设定登记义务、确认义务和报告义务等的同时,结合我国《反洗钱法》的规定,配套客户尽职调查、交易管控和法律遵循科技制度。

With the development of Internet technology,as well as monetary decentralization trend,the trend of currency turning from paper to virtualization is irreversible.However,due to its characteristics of decentralization and anonymity,virtual currencies are difficult to regulate and easy to breed money laundering,financing terrorism and other crimes.However,it is not in line with the trend of Internet technology and currency development to negate the monetary status of virtual currency purely through tightening policies and laws.China can learn from Japan’s legal supervision model.On the basis of recognizing the legal status of virtual currency,China can set registration obligations,confirmation obligations and reporting obligations for financial institutions,and support customer research,transaction control and“legalcompliant to technology”system in combination with the regulations in Chinese anti-money laundering law.