金山区初中学生课余时间体力活动调查

Level of physical activity in leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshang District

目的基于生态学模型分析上海市金山区初中学生课余时间体力活动的影响因素,为促进青少年健康素质提供依据。方法从金山区抽取6所公立初中学校,从每个年级随机抽取1个班级学生为研究对象,监测1周课余时间学生体力活动情况;根据社会生态学模型设计问卷调查影响学生体力活动的因素,并采用最优尺度回归模型进行分析。结果发放问卷645份,回收有效问卷622份,问卷有效率为96.43%。622名初中学生周一至周五课余时间和双休日进行体力活动时间的中位数分别为29.00 min和45.00 min;个体层面、人际层面和环境层面因素评分分别为(10.53±2.04)分、(5.10±1.51)分和(8.31±1.85)分。最优尺度回归分析结果显示,居住地(β=-0.117、-0.159)、个体层面(β=0.244、0.277)、人际层面(β=0.113、0.085)和环境层面(β=-0.140、-0.120)是学生周一至周五课余时间和双休日体力活动的影响因素。周一至周五个体层面影响最大,为62.2%;其次为人际层面20.8%和居住地16.8%。双休日个体层面的影响最大,为65.4%;其次为居住地23.6%和人际层面10.5%。结论金山区初中学生课余时间体力活动水平受个体层面因素的影响最大,其次为人际层面和居住地;初中学生双休日体力活动不足,居住地的影响仅次于个体层面。

Objective To explore the determinants of physical activity during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai based on socio-ecological model, so as to provide basis for health promotion in adolescents. Methods Six public junior high schools were randomly selected from Jinshan District and then a class was selected from every grade. The physical activity of the students in the spare time of one week was monitored. The determinants of physical activity were investigated through a self-designed questionnaire based on socio-ecological model, and were analyzed by optimal scaling regression. Results A total of 645 questionnaires were sent out, 622(96.43%) of which were valid. The median time spent on active physical activity after school on weekdays and at weekends was 29.00 min and 45.00 min, respectively. The scores of individual, interpersonal and environmental factors were 10.53 ± 2.04, 5.10 ± 1.51 and 8.31 ± 1.85,respectively. The results of the optimal scaling regression analysis showed that residence (β=-0.117,-0.159),individual factors (β=0.244,0.277),interpersonal factors(β=0.113, 0.085) and environmental factors (β=-0.140,-0.120) were the influencing factors for the physical activity in extracurricular time on weekdays and at weekends. On weekdays, the influence of individual factors was the largest(62.2%), followed by interpersonal factors(20.8%) and residence(16.8%). At weekends, the influence of individual factors was the largest(65.4%), followed by residence(23.6%) and interpersonal factors(10.5%). Conclusions The physical activity level during leisure time among junior high school students in Jinshan District is most affected by individual factors, followed by interpersonal factors and residence. The time spent on physical activity at weekends is insufficient, and the influence of residence is behind individual factors.