四川泸沽湖湿地冬季水鸟调查研究

A Survey Study on the Winter Waterfowls at the Lugu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve of Sichuan

鸟类多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,研究泸沽湖湿地的鸟类多样性对湿地生态环境保护具有重要意义。2014-2016年冬季,对四川泸沽湖湿地水鸟进行了全面调查和系统整理,结果显示:共记录水鸟42种,隶属6目11科,其中,留鸟10种,冬候鸟32种;东洋界6种,古北界34种,广布种2种;国家Ⅰ类保护鸟类2种,占物种总数的4.76%;国家Ⅱ类保护鸟类2种,占物种总数的4.76%,四川省保护鸟类5种,占11.90%;极危(CR)物种1种,近危(NT)物种2种,低危(LC)物种34种。根据记录到的水鸟种类和数量,对其群落特征及其季节变化进行了分析,同时结合泸沽湖湿地的特点,对四川泸沽湖湿地水鸟的组成、种群数量及多样性等进行了分析,发现四川泸沽湖湿地水鸟多样性呈下降趋势,主要原因为人为干扰过大。

Bird diversity is a major component of biodiversity, and the study on bird diversity at Lugu Lake Wetland is of great significance for wetland conservation. From 2014 to 2016, we made 13 surveys of Lugu Lake, and in the winters of 2014, 2015 and 2016, we conducted comprehensive surveys of the water birds resources at the Lugu Lake Wetland. According to the results, there are 42 water bird species belonging to 9 orders and 10 families. There are 9 resident bird species, 33 winter bird species, 2 summer bird species, and among them, 6 species are distributed in Oriental, 34 species are distributed in Palearctic realm and 2 species are widespread. Two species are first-class national protected birds, accounting for 4.76 % of the world’s species;four species belong to second-class national protected birds, accounting for 7.14% of the world’s species;five species are Sichuan protected birds, accounting for11.90% of the world total. 1 critically endangered species, 1 endangered species, 2 near threatened species and 32 least concerned species are found. Based on the species and numbers of birds recorded, we analyze the characteristics and seasonal variation of the bird community as well as the fauna specification, population and diversity of the birds at Lugu Lake Wetland. The results show that the bird diversity at Lugu Lake Wetland is decreasing because of recent human disturbance.