开封地区农村老年人健康自评状况及影响因素分析

Study on health self-evaluation status of rural elderly in Kaifeng area and its influencing factors

目的探究开封地区农村老年人健康自评状况及其影响因素,为健康老龄化政策的制定提供依据。方法抽取2017年5月调查区域(禹王台区、顺河区、祥符区、杞县、通许县、尉氏县)的开封地区农村户籍的901名老年人。采用问卷调查的方式对调查对象的一般情况、健康自评状况及相关影响因素进行调查和分析。结果901名调查对象,男女比为1∶0.98,受教育程度:未上过学占49.17%,留守老人占比70.48%。健康自评为"差"者360例(39.96%),健康自评为"一般"者379例(42.06%),健康自评为"好"者162例(17.98%);Logistic回归分析结果显示,开封市农村老年人健康自评状况的相关影响因素有是否为留守老人、是否患有慢性病、是否年内住院、BMI指数(P<0.05)。结论开封地区农村老年人健康自评状况较为积极,健康自评状况的相关影响因素有是否为留守老人、是否患有慢性病、是否年内住院、BMI指数。

Objective To explore the self-evaluation status of rural elderly in Kaifeng area and its related influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for the formulation of healthy aging policy. Methods As of May 2017, the elderly in rural areas of Kaifeng Area in the survey area(Wuwangtai district, Shunhe district, Xiangfu district, Qi county, Tongxu county, and Weishi county) were selected. The actual number of valid surveys was 901. Questionnaires were used to investigate the general situation of patients. The general situation of the respondents, the status of self-evaluation of health and related influencing factors were analyzed. Results The proportion of men and women was 50.50 % and 49.50 %, respectively,and the composition ratio was close;the majority of marital status was 67.48 % of spouses;the majority of education was 49.17 % of those who had not attended school, and 70.48 % were left behind. According to the survey results, 360 cases(39.96 %) were rated as"poor"by health, 379(42.06 %) were rated as"general"by health, and 162(17.98 %) were rated as"good"by health. The results of univariate analysis showed that the differences in gender, marriage, and education were statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the health self-evaluation status of rural elderly in Kaifeng Area were whether they were left-behind elderly, whether they had chronic diseases, whether they were hospitalized during the year, and BMI index(P<0.05). Conclusions The self-evaluation status of rural elderly in Kaifeng Area is relatively positive. The relevant influencing factors of health self-evaluation status are whether they are left-behind elderly, whether they have chronic diseases, whether they are hospitalized during the year, or BMI index.