农村一、二、三产业融合评价体系的构建与评价——以北京市为例

CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION ABOUT CONVERGENCE OF PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY INDUSTRIES ——A CASE STUDY IN BEIJING

[目的]在探讨农村一、二、三产业融合内涵的基础上,构建一套包括产出高效化、业态多样化、服务社会化、生态绿色化、城乡一体化5个方面15项具体指标的农村一、二、三产业融合水平评价指标体系,揭示北京农村一、二、三产业融合发展的区域分异特征。[方法]利用熵值法确定各指标权重,作为典型的客观赋权法,熵值法依据各项指标观测值所提供的信息的大小来确定指标权重,可有效反映农村产业融合发展之间的变化规律,实现客观、真实地评价农村产业融合发展水平。[结果]北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展较好,但一级指标间发展水平差异较大;北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展呈明显的梯度差异,以昌平—顺义—通州一线为轴,向南北两侧逐渐降低,北部整体好于南部的分布特征;各区县内部不同指标间呈现差异化发展的现象。[结论]提出了推动北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展的政策建议:(1)高水平阶段区县可供利用的农业资源种类、数量、质量等分布均衡且充沛,农业生产经营和农村经济社会发展也处于较高发展阶段,此类区域应吸引社会资本进入农村、进入农业,引领北京市农村一、二、三产业融合发展;(2)较高水平阶段区县区位优势明显,农业农村支持支撑条件较好,应充分发挥自身优势,形成独具特色的优势产业和区域品牌;(3)较低水平阶段区县农村新产业、新业态以及社会化服务体系等发展一般,农村一、二、三产业融合发展相对缓慢,该地区应在保持各自优势方面的前提下,加大薄弱环节投入;(4)低水平阶段区县属于传统的经济发展滞后区域,农业自然条件相对较差,社会发展程度较低,市场化程度较低,农村一、二、三产业融合发展需要外部资源支持。

On the basis of discussing the connotation of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,this paper constructs an index system to evaluate the level of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,which includes five specific indicators,namely,high output,industry diversification,service socialization,green ecology and integration of urban and rural areas,and reveals the regional differentiation characteristics of exhibition of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Beijing.The entropy method was used to determine the weight of each index.As a typical objective weighting method,the entropy method determined the weight of each index according to the information provided by the observation value of each index.It could effectively reflect the change rule between the development of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries and realize the objective and real evaluation of the development level of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries.The development of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Beijing was better,but the level of development among the first-level indicators was quite different.The development of rural primary,secondary and tertiary industry convergence in Beijing showed obvious gradient difference,with Changping-Shunyi-Tongzhou line as the axis,gradually decreasing to the north and south sides,and the distribution characteristics of the north were better than that of the south as a whole.There was a phenomenon of differential development among different indicators within the county.Policy suggestions are put forward to promote the development of rural primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Beijing:(1)In the high level stage,the types,quantity and quality of agricultural resources available in counties are balanced and abundant,and agricultural production and operation and rural economic and social development are at a relatively high stage.Such regions should attract social capital for entering the countryside and agriculture to lead the development of convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries in Beijing′s countryside;(2)In the higher level stage,the advantages of counties are obvious,and the supporting conditions of agriculture and countryside are better,so they should give full play to their own advantages and form unique superior industries and regional brands;(3)In the lower stage,the new industries of counties should be formed.The convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries is relatively slow,and the region should increase investment in weak links on the premise to maintain their respective advantages;(4)In the low level stage,the counties are belong to the traditional lagging region of economic development,with relatively poor agricultural natural conditions and social development.The degree of development is low and the degree of marketization is low.The convergence of primary,secondary and tertiary industries needs the support of external resources.