“注意”机制在大学英语词汇附带习得中的作用研究

The Role of Attention in Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition in College English

词汇附带习得是大学英语教学中学生扩展词汇的重要渠道。“注意”作为认知机制,在学生词汇附带习得中的作用极其显著。词汇输入时,警觉使学习者对目标词汇有所感知;词汇加工时,引觉将注意力资源引向所感知词汇;侦觉促使学习者对注意力资源作出初次分配,目标词汇获得加工,而后储存于短时记忆库;词汇输出时,需重新激活、提取,注意力资源获得二次分配,目标词汇进入长时记忆库,最终习得。日常教学中教师需积极关注障碍词汇、显著词汇、困难生词汇习得境况、学生的二语词汇综合水平,及时把握教学内容与学生能力之间的差距,合理分配注意力资源,促进词汇附带习得稳步发展。

Incidental vocabulary acquisition is an important channel for students to enlarge vocabulary in college English teaching.As a cognitive system,attention plays an important role in incidental vocabulary acquisition.During vocabulary input,alertness makes learners perceive the target words.In vocabulary processing,orientation guides learners’attention toward the target words;detection prompts learners to make the initial allocation of attention resources.Thus the target words get processed,and enter into the short-term memory bank.In vocabulary output,the target words get activated and extracted again.Attention resources are reallocated,the target words enter into the long-term memory bank and finally acquired.In daily teaching,teachers should focus on stumbling words,significant words,and pay attention to poor students’acquisition of words,and students’comprehensive ability in second language vocabulary,adjust the gap between teaching content and students’ability,allocate attention resources appropriately to improve their incidental vocabulary acquisition.