论政府数据开放与政府信息公开的关系

On the Relationship between Government Data Opening and Government Information Disclosure

政府数据开放与政府信息公开关系的基本定位为"承继但不取代"。兴起于20世纪60年代的政府信息公开确立了公民的知情权,建构了开放政府的理念和制度,为21世纪大数据时代来临兴起的政府数据开放奠定了基础。政府数据开放在承继政府信息公开的基础上,回应开放数据的基本要求,拓展了开放政府的内涵,形成独立于政府信息公开的制度体系。政府数据开放与政府信息公开的主要差异体现为:制度基础及立法进路不同;政府角色及政府与公众关系结构不同。我国应当进行政府数据开放专门立法,主要设想包括:尽快制定《开放政府数据法》,以提升数字时代政府治理能力为立法目标,重视内部体制机制完善,建构多元机制解决开放范围难题。

The basic orientation of the relationship between government data opening and government information disclosure is"inherited but not replaced".The government information disclosure that emerged in the 1960s established citizens’right to know,constructed the concept and system of open government,and laid the foundation for the opening of government data in the 21st century big data era.On the basis of inheriting government information disclosure,the government data is open to respond to the basic requirements of open data,expands the connotation of open government,and forms an institutional system that is independent of government information disclosure.The main differences between government data opening and government information disclosure are as follows:institutional basis and legislative approach are different;government role and government-public relations structure are different.China should carry out special legislation on government data opening.The main ideas include formulating the Open Government Data Law as soon as possible to improve the governance capability in the digital age,attach importance to the improvement of internal institutional mechanisms,and construct a multi-disciplinary mechanism to solve the problem of open scope.