论平台经营者的民事法律责任——《电子商务法》第38条第2款的解释论

On the Civil Legal Liabilities of Platform Operators:the Interpretation of Article 38(2) of the Electronic Commerce Law

《电子商务法》第38条第2款所规定的"相应的责任"一词极具模糊性,不仅将导致消费者索赔维权难度加大、成本升高,还将极大影响法律适用的准确性,无谓增加司法操作难度。消解"相应的责任"这一法律概念的不确定性,应当从"相应广度"与"相应深度"两个维度出发,对平台经营者承担相应责任的法定义务边界与责任形态分别展开分析。在此基础上,平台经营者未尽对平台内经营者的审核义务时,可与发生侵权行为的平台内经营者构成共同侵权,应当承担连带责任;平台经营者未尽对消费者的安全保障义务时,应当承担补充责任。当然,考虑到连带责任的适用存在理论困境,特定情况下,对平台经营者适用不真正连带责任之规定不失为一种现实选择。

The term"corresponding responsibility"as stipulated in paragraph 2 of Article 38 of the Law on Electronic Commerce is extremely ambiguous,which will not only make it more difficult for consumers to claim rights,but also increase the cost,and will greatly affect the accuracy of the application of the law,unnecessarily increase the difficulty of judicial operations.To resolve the uncertainty of the legal concept of"corresponding responsibility",we should start from the two dimensions of"corresponding breadth"and"corresponding depth",and analyze the legal obligations boundary and responsibility form of the platform operators.On this basis,if the platform operator fails to fulfill the auditing obligations of the operators within the platform,it may constitute joint infringement with the operators within the platform where the infringement occurs,and shall bear joint and several liability.If the platform operators fails to fully protect the consumers,it should assume additional responsibility.Of course,considering that there is a theoretical dilemma in the application of the joint responsibility,under certain circumstances,it is a realistic choice to apply the provisions of unreal joint and several liability to the platform operators.