中国“新农历”初探

A Preliminary Study on the New Chinese Calendar

中国传统农历,由于“以阴历为主,以阳历为辅,采用闰月法”,因此其日期相对太阳黄经很不稳定。1912年国民政府通令改用“西方阳历”,孙中山先生说:“光复之初,议改阳历,乃应付环境一时权宜之办法,并非永久固定不能改变之事。”笔者通过对中国传统历法进行解构,利用明末清初之前“平气法”24节气,推陈出新,编撰出中国这部纯阳历版的“新农历”,且与西方阳历能够对等平视,日期一一对应,不仅克服了中国传统农历“气朔交争,岁年错乱,四时失位、算数猥亵”之弊端,同时也克服了西方阳历“年不正,月不齐,无有四季,纪年不确”等不足;不仅结束中国没有完整太阳历的屈辱历史,同时也可向世界历改潮流提供一种中国历改方案。

The traditional Chinese lunar calendar,because"mainly the lunar calendar,supplemented by the solar calendar,uses the leap-month method",So its date is very unstable relative to the Sun's Yellow Meridian.In 1912,the Kuomintang government ordered the use of the"Western solar calendar",Dr.Sun Yat-sen said,"At the beginning of the restoration,the discussion on the revision of the solar calendar was a temporary and expedient way to deal with the environment.It was not a permanent and unchangeable thing."By deconstructing the traditional Chinese calendar,the author completely extracts its solar calendar,And then repair and reorganize,and finally bring forth new ideas,ingeniously change the traditional Chinese Yin-Yang calendar into the"Yang-Yin calendar",that is,compile and complete the"new calendar".The date of the New Calendar not only keeps a permanent relationship with the Yellow Meridian of the Sun,but also corresponds to the year,month and day of the Western calendar.In particular,its"moon first","mid month",and"year first"and"season first"are all 24 solar terms,which highlight the natural relationship between Chinese traditional calendars and astronomical calendars.At the same time,it highlights the"scientific,complete and practical"nature of the Chinese calendar,and overcomes the drawbacks of the Western solar calendar,such as"erroneous year,uneven month,no four seasons,the wrong chronology"."New Calendar"is another great achievement of"literary creation"after the successful application of 24 solar terms in China.It is also a kind of Chinese calendar reform plan for the trend of world calendar reform.