上海市普陀区老年人跌倒状况及跌倒防制的知信行调查

A Survey on KAP about Falls and Current Status of Falls in Elderly at Putuo District, Shanghai

目的了解上海市普陀区老年人跌倒的发生情况及其跌倒的知信行水平,为制定老年人跌倒预防策略与措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取白玉、长征两个社区871位60岁及以上常住老年人,以面对面询问的方式进行问卷调查,包括个人基本信息、跌倒发生的信息及跌倒防制的知信行。结果在871名受调查者中,有83人在过去12个月发生跌倒;跌倒发生率为9.53%。男性为6.58%,女性为11.81%,女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.81,P<0.01);跌倒总人次数为105人次,有65人(78.31%)发生过一次跌倒,18人(21.69%)发生多次跌倒,跌倒主要发生在早饭—午饭期间(42.86%)和午饭—晚饭期间(35.24%),跌倒发生的地点主要是小区外其他公共场所(28.57%);跌伤率为33.73%,不同性别老年人跌伤率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.52,P=0.22);在所有老年人中,89.44%的老年人认为跌倒可以预防,60.62%的老年人了解跌倒是老年人因伤住院最主要的原因,45.81%的老年人担心自己会跌倒,74.63%的老年人不会因怕跌倒而减少外出,71.99%愿意参加跌倒预防控制相关知识培训,72.90%的老年人愿意参加有组织的体育活动。结论普陀区老年人虽然具有一定的预防跌倒意识,但跌倒发生率仍较高,社区家庭联动需要进一步加强以降低老年人跌倒的发生率。

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of falls and KAP about falls in elderly at Putuo district,Shanghai so as to provide objective basis for the formulation of falls prevention in the elderly and effectively reduce the occurrence of falls in the population.Methods By means of random cluster sampling,871 senior citizens aged 60 years or over were selected from two communities of Baiyu and Changzheng.All the participants were asked to complete the questionnaire in the face of the investigators.The questionnaire includes basic personal information,information about the occurrence of falls and knowledge,belief and behaviors of falls.Results Of all 871 participants,83 reported falls happened in the past 12 months,with an average incident rate of 9.53%.The rate in males was 6.58%,lower than that(11.81%)in women(χ2=6.98,P<0.01).Of all victims,the total number of falls was 10565(78.31%)persons fell one time only,18(21.69%)persons fell more than one time.Falls occurred mainly between breakfast and lunch time(42.86%),and between lunch and dinner time(35.24%),at the public places instead of the community(28.57%).The incidence of injuries following falls was 33.73%,with no significant difference in males and females(χ2=1.52,P=0.22).Of all participants,89.44%believed that fall is preventable,60.62%knew that fall is the first cause leading the elderly to be hospitalized.45.81%worried about fall,but 74.63%kept going out,71.99%were willing to participate in the fall prevention propaganda,and 72.90%were willing to participate in organized sports.Conclusions The incidence rate of fall in the elderly at Putuo district is high,although they were aware of fall prevention.It is still necessary to further strengthen the interaction between family and community and enhance the awareness of fall protection in the elderly.