福柯话语权力视域下社会隐转喻研究——以美国政治正确类表达为例

A Study of Social Metaphor and Metonymy from the Perspective of Foucault’s Discourse Power Theory: Taking Politically Correct Expressions in the US as Examples

语言与社会相辅相成,互为依靠,共同构成人类社会发展的基础。政治正确类表达反映政治正确社会现实,而政治正确社会现实为政治正确类表达提供认知基础,二者相互支撑,相互依赖,构成人类社会生活的重要组成部分。"政治正确"是一个现代词汇,肇始于20世纪80年代美国大学校园,涉及种族、性别、残疾、环境、动物权利、发展愿景和社会改革等方面。在福柯话语权力理论视域下,从社会隐喻和社会转喻的视角出发,以问卷调查的形式收集到279条美国政治正确类表达为研究语料,借助美国英语历史语料库,将279条语料分为政治类、生活类、身体类、性别类、职业类和宗教类六大类别进行认知研究,探析这些政治正确类表达的认知形成机制,揭示其背后的社会现实,希冀推动人们对相关问题的理性认识。

Language and society complement each other and depend on each other to constitute the basis of human social development.Politically correct expressions reflect the politically correct social reality,which provides cognitive basis for politically correct expressions.As a significant part of human social life,they depend on each other.Political correctness is a modern term that originated from American campuses in the 1980 s,covering issues such as race,gender,disability,environment,animal rights,development visions and social reform.Based on Foucault?s discourse power theory,this paper,from the perspective of social metaphor and metonymy,conducts a cognitive research on the 279 items of American politically correct expressions collected from a questionnaire and divided into six major categories,i.e.political field,life,body,class,gender,class,occupation and religion,and explores the cognitive mechanism of these politically correct expressions to reveal the social reality behind the expressions in the hope of promoting the rational cognition of related issues.