辽朝枢密院一院多使现象与制度渊源

The Phenomenon that There being Several Shi(使) in Shu Mi Yuan(枢密院) and Its Institutional Origin in Liao Dynasty

辽朝共有北南二枢密院,但每一枢密院可以由两名或以上枢密使共同执掌。辽朝的知枢密院事实乃未经正授的枢密使,因此当辽朝同一枢密院内有枢密使与知枢密院事并立,实际上也相当于该枢密院同时受两位同级别长官管辖。辽朝枢密院一院多使现象的制度渊源来自于五代,一方面因袭了晚唐五代两名枢密使共同执掌枢密院的传统,另一方面继承并推动了枢密院地位不断上升的趋势。

There were North and South Shu Mi Yuan(枢密院)in Liao Dynasty,and each of them could be led by two or more Shu Mi Shi(枢密使).The duty of Zhi Shu Mi Yuan Shi(知枢密院事)and that of Shu Mi Shi is the same,and they had roughly the same rank.Indeed,Zhi Shu Mi Yuan Shi is unauthorized Shu Mi Shi.Therefore,when Shu Mi Shi and Zhi Shu Mi Yuan Shi were both in one Shu Mi Yuan,it means that Shu Mi Yuan is managed by two governors of the same rank at the same time.The institutional origin of the phenomenon that there are several Shi(使)in Shu Mi Yuan in Liao Dynasty originated from the Five Dynasties.On the one hand,it inherited the tradition of two governors being jointly in charge of Shu Mi Yuan in late Tang and the Five Dynasties,on the other hand,it promoted the rising status of Shu Mi Yuan.