2012-2018年江西省瑞昌市“秋季灭螺大会战”效果分析

Evaluation of fall campaign on snail control in Ruichang,Jiangxi Province during 2012-2018

收集2012-2018年瑞昌市“大会战”开展的乡村、参与单位、各单位参与人员、投入资金和螺情等数据,以有螺面积、有螺框出现率及活螺平均密度等3个主要指标对“大会战”取得的成效进行分析。结果显示,2012-2018年瑞昌市市长挂帅参与“大会战”,7年累计动员333个(次)单位,技术人员187人次,累计投入资金291.38万元,投放悬浮剂药物58.46 t、粉剂12.96 t。累计完成药物灭螺4986.67 hm^2,2012-2015年灭螺面积超过当年查出的有螺面积,2016-2018年灭螺面积均未超过当年查出的有螺面积,其中2016年差距最大。2012-2018年,在开展“大会战”灭螺区域,有螺环境数逐年下降,2017年最低。累计查螺面积21218.00 hm^2,查出有螺面积4611.41 hm2,2012-2015查出有螺面积逐年下降,2015年达到最低(561.62 hm2),与2012年(572.74 hm^2)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2016年水灾后钉螺面积显著增加,为78.72 hm^2,与2012年和2015年差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2017年达到峰值(789.31 hm^2),2016-2018年3年有螺面积相差较小。2012-2015年有螺框出现率从16.66%下降至11.59%,各年间有螺框出现率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2016年洪水过后有螺框出现率回升,2017年增至最高30.30%,与2015(11.59%)、2016年(13.24%)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2018年有螺框出现率较2017年略有下降,为28.96%。2012-2015年,活螺平均密度从0.26只/0.1 m^2下降至0.17只/0.1 m^2,水灾过后活螺平均密度逐渐上升,2016年为0.19只/0.1 m^2。2017年最高,为0.61只/0.1 m^2。2018年略有下降,为0.53只/0.1 m^2。较2017年下降幅度不大。开展“大会战”在一定程度引起政府的高度重视和部门的积极参与,但连续多年开展后,容易造成部门积极性以及完成任务量和质量的下降。单纯依靠“大会战”能降低钉螺密度和控制病情,但压缩有螺面积的效果不显著,水灾等自然灾害容易造成钉螺扩散和有螺面积的反弹,造成前期投入巨大的人力、物力等灭螺资源的浪费。

To analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of Fall Campaign on Snail Control in Ruichang,Jiangxi Province,from 2012 to 2018,so as to provide reference and suggestions for the better control of oncomelania snail that transmits schistosomiasis.Data related to the villages,participants,invested fund involved in the Fall Campaign on Snail Control in Ruichang,Jiangxi,during 2012 to 2018 were collected.The effect of the campaign on the snail control was evaluated by the reduction of snail occurrence area,occurrence rate of frame with snail and snail density.Total 333 institutions(units)and 187 persons led by mayor had participated in the campaign from 2012 to 2018,with total investment of 2.9138 million yuan.Total 58.46 t of mullosicidal suspension drugs and 12.96 t of mullosicidal powder were used during the 7 years campaign and 4986.67 hm2 snail areas were fulfilled.During 2012-2015,the eliminated snail areas exceeded the area with snails found in that year.During 2016-2018,it did not exceed the area with snails found in that year,with the largest gap in 2016.From 2012 to 2018,the area with snail decreased year by year after the campaign was launched with the lowest in 2017.During the 7 years,the total checked area for snail was 21218 hm2,and 4611.41 hm2 was found with snails.The area with snails decreased from 2012 to 2015,reaching a minimum of 561.62 hm2 in 2015,with little difference from 2012(P>0.05).The area of snails increased significantly after flood in 2016,which was significantly different from that in 2012(P<0.05)and 2015(P<0.05),reaching a peak of 789.31 hm2 in 2017.From 2012 to 2015,the occurrence rate of frames with snail decreased from 16.66%to 11.59%with significant difference in changes among these years(P<0.01).After the flood in 2016,the occurrence rate of frame with snails rebounded and increased to a maximum of 30.30%in 2017,which is significantly higher than that in 2015 and 2016(P<0.01).In 2018,the occurrence rate of snail frame decreased to 28.96%.From 2012 to 2015,the density of living snails decreased from 0.26/0.1 m2 per frame to 0.17/0.1 m2.After the flood,the density of living snails slightly increased to 0.190/.1 m2 in 2016 and big jumped to 0.61/0.1 m2 in 2017.In 2018,it slightly decreased to 0.53/0.1 m2 with no significant decrease compared to 2017.After launch of The Fall Campaign on Snail Control,government paid great attention to it and several departments were actively involved.The areas with snail and snail density was decreased.However,the initiative enthusiasm has turned sour at the end and effective control of snail cannot achieve based only on the campaign.Natural disasters such as flood could rebound the snail spread that offset the efforts of the campaign.