多重人类活动干扰下赣江流域水环境和鱼类资源的研究现状分析

Research Status of Water Environment and Fish Resources Under Multiple Human Disturbances in the Gan-Jiang River Basin: A Review

赣江是长江中下游的重要支流,赣江流域的水生态安全直接关系到长江经济带建设的可持续与绿色发展。然而,近些年来,人类活动干扰对赣江流域水生态的影响还在持续增加。该文综述了截止2017年12月赣江流域的水环境、鱼类资源及人类活动干扰影响的相关文献。目前,赣江流域水环境处于中度污染级别,有机污染物增加,无机污染物无显著变化。鱼类共有124种,隶属10目32科。经统计近10年的鱼类资源,赣江流域鱼类有7目35科120种,其中上游鱼类4目14科22种,中游鱼类6目28科82种,下游鱼类7目28科91种。全流域10年中未发现的鱼类包括中华鲟、鲥鱼、刀鲚、弓斑东方鲀、斑条鱊、短须鱊、拟尖头红鲌、似鱎、条纹小鲃、泉水鱼等33种。该文分析了影响赣江流域水生态的三类主要人类活动干扰:水电站建设,工农业污染和航运、采砂等,这些干扰增加了水体中营养盐和有机污染物的含量,同时破坏了水生生物生境,进而影响了鱼类的生存。随着赣江流域多个大型水电站的规划和建设,建议今后应进一步加强水电开发对水环境和鱼类资源的影响研究,同时开展生态修复,加强生境保护,严控涉水行为,完善生态补偿机制,以保证赣江流域的绿色发展。

The Gan-Jiang River is an important tributaries in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River(Chang-Jiang in Chinese),and its aquatic ecological security is directly related to the sustainable and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.In recent years,however,impacts from multiple human activities have been increasing in the Gan-Jiang River Basin.In this paper,we reviewed related literature by December 2017 and synthesized the current situation of aquatic environment,fish resources,and human disturbances in the Gan-Jiang Basin.We found that the current aquatic environment of the Gan-Jiang Basin was in moderate pollution,organic pollutants increased but inorganic pollutants did not change significantly.A total of 124 fish species,belonging to 10 orders and 32 families was recorded.According to the statistics of fish resources in the past 10 years,there are 7 orders,35 families,120 fish species in the Gan-Jiang River Basin,including 22 fish species of 4 orders and 14 families in the upper reach,82 fish species of 6 orders,28 families in the middle reach,and 91 fish species of 7 orders,28 families in the lower reach.In the whole basin,a total of 33 fish species have not been found over the past ten years,such as Acipenser sinensis,Macrura reevesi,Coilia ectenes,Fugu oceliatus,Oryzias latipes,A.taenisnalis,A.barbatulus,E.oxycephaloides,Toxabramis swinhonis,P.semifasciolatus,and Pseudogrinocheilus prochilus.The three major human disturbances were hydropower dams construction,industrial and agricultural pollution,and navigation,and sand mining.These activities led to an increase in nutrient and organic pollutants in the water column,degraded aquatic habitat,and then threatened fish survival.With the planning and construction of several more mega hydropower dams,we suggest that more related studies should be conducted to assess the impacts of hydropower development on aquatic environment and fish resources,initiate ecological restorations,strengthen habitat protection,control water related activities strictly,improve the ecological compensation system,and secure green development in the Gan-Jiang River Basin.