政策理念视角下日本外籍劳动者政策困境的成因分析

An Analysis of the Causes of Dilemma in Japan’s Foreign Labor Policy from the Perspective of Policy Ideas

“九零年体制”下日本外籍劳动者政策的困境突出体现为劳工移民政策的双重“偏差”:在本国劳动力减少的情况下,日本政府却始终坚持不接收非熟练技能外籍劳动者的立场,但同时也设置接收非熟练技能外籍劳动者的“边门”渠道,且这部分劳动者的数量增长较快;政府在设置这些“边门”渠道时强调对相关劳动者权利的保障,但在这些劳动者数量增加的同时,其权益问题却日渐突出。关于劳工移民的各政策理念在日本外籍劳动者政策制定过程中影响的不均衡导致了以上的政策“偏差”。虽然“经济化”理念对政策制定的影响不断提升,但“安全化”理念的影响仍较为突出,从而使得日本外籍劳动者政策的立场没有发生根本的改变;同时,由于“人道化”理念的影响较为有限,通过“边门”渠道进入的外籍劳动者的权益很难得到充分的保障。

The dilemma of Japans foreign labor policy in the"1990 System"can be understood as the dual gaps of labor migration policy.Despite of the decline of labor force,Japanese government still insisted on the stance of not accepting unskilled foreign labor.At the same tim e,Japanese government set up the side door channels to accept unskilled foreign workers and the number increased rapidly.Although Japanese government stressed protecting the rights of workers while setting up these channels,the rights problems of these workers worsen with the number increasing.The uneven influence of various ideas about labor migration upon making foreign labor policies can explain the formation of these gaps.The influence of the idea of econominizing on making policies has become more significant,but the idea of securitizing still dominates.As a resu lt,it is hard to fundamentally change the stance of Japan s foreign labor policy.Besides,the influence of the idea of humanizing is still lim ited,so the rights of foreign labor entering Japan through the side door cannot be protected well.