论智能化时代教育科学的超学科范式

On the Transdisciplinary Paradigm of Education Science in Intelligent Era

多学科交融创新时代,彰显了教育科学的超学科范式,亟须系统厘清其形态、结构与方法。伴随着从教学机器到信息技术,再至人工智能的升级,教育科学在形态上历经教育心理学、神经心理学和教育神经科学三个阶段,由跨学科和多学科走向超学科形态;结构上,凸显了“学习神经基础的探索”“教学方式的创新”“超学科型人才的培养”等新型共性问题群,开发了由协同群体、“生—心—社”融合实在、混合方法簇和超学科哲学相互作用的融合方法论,努力达致整体性认识;方法上,已经发展出“特定科学领域与教育教学实践融汇创生”的概念框架、应用—调适双馈系统模型和介导模型,运用转化和具化两大机理,构建一门关于教育的科学。这一切展现出一幅美妙画卷,教育科学的智能化时代正在来临。

The multi-disciplinary integration and innovation highlights the transdisciplinary paradigm of education science,and it is necessary to clarify its form,structure and method systematically.With the upgrading from teaching machine to information technology and then to artificial intelligence,education science has moved from interdisciplinary form to multidisciplinary one then to transdisciplinary form,experiencing three phases of educational psychology,neuropsychology and educational neuroscience.Structurally,education science has presented new common issues such as"exploration of neural basis of learning","innovation of teaching methods"and"cultivation of transdisciplinary talents",and has developed the integrated methodology of collaborative group,"bio-psycho-social"hybrid reality,mixed method cluster and transdisciplinary philosophy interaction,striving to achieve a holistic understanding.In terms of methods,education science has developed the conceptual framework of"the integration and creation of specific science fields and teaching practice",and the application-adaptation double-feedback system model and mediation model,and the two mechanisms of integration and translation,which construct a science of education.All those show a promising picture,indicating the upcoming of the intelligence era of education science.