国际海洋法治发展的国家实践:中国角色

State Practice in the Development of International Law of the Sea: The Role of China

中国在参与国际立法、开展国际法实施、通过国际司法实现正义、倡导建立新型国际组织等方面做出了贡献。它在参与海洋法谈判、国际和国内海洋立法以及承担国际责任等推动国际海洋法治发展诸多方面的努力也不容忽视。中国近年来持续关注国家管辖海域外生物多样性国际协定谈判和国际海底区域立法等海洋法领域的前沿议题,在海洋领域的国际规则制定方面担当着重要角色。面对国际社会利用"南海仲裁案"对"中国不尊重国际法"的无端指责,中国应当呼吁有关国家尊重《公约》所反映的国家意愿,在不断完善以《公约》为代表的全球海洋治理体系上发挥引导作用,以国家实践和共识为基础,逐步构建中国在海洋法发展中的话语权。

China has made great achievements in the development of international law,including,but not limited to,its increased involvement in the negotiations for lawmaking,the implementation of laws and regulations,participation in litigation and arbitration,and proposing the establishment of international organizations. In addition to ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea( UNCLOS) and passing domestic maritime legislations,China has been also actively participating in BBNJ negotiations( an intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction) and the development of a regulatory regime for the exploitation of mineral resources in the international seabed. Given these achievements and efforts,it is unfair for China to be criticized for not respecting international law only because of its decision not to participate in the South China Sea Arbitration. China shall emphasize the principle of "state consent"embodied in international law,including the law of the sea,and take the lead in shaping international norms and regulations on global ocean governance. It is China’ s role to indicate the limitation of UNCLOS,and reshape the narrative on the law of the sea through state practice.