基于无人机(UAV)观测的寒地城市公园冬季体力活动及空间分布研究——以哈尔滨四个公园为例

Observations of Winter Physical Activities in Urban Parks Using UAVs:A Case Study of Four City Parks in Harbin

城市公园作为邻里可达性较高且免费的场所,是体力活动发生比较频繁的空间载体。以哈尔滨市4个典型城市公园作为研究对象,选取初冬季节(2017年11月25日—12月2日)共7天、每天6个时间段的无雨雪晴朗时间,采用无人机(UAV)观测手段,基于SOPARC(体力活动观察系统)观测框架,4名观察员同时对每个公园进行观测。首先,依据公园形态、面积、活动场地布局特征规划无人机航线,获取空间特征和使用者数量、属性、活动类型及空间位置数据;其次,使用组内相关系数(ICC)将无人机与同步地面观察数据进行核对;再次,对使用者、活动时间、活动类型数据进行描述性统计;最后,结合GIS进行体力活动人群空间密度分析。旨在深入了解冬季体力活动及空间分布情况,指导中国寒地城市公园体力活动空间构建和完善。

As places with high neighborhood accessibility and free of charge,urban parks carry with frequent physical activities.In this paper,the authors selected four typical city parks in Harbin as research objects,selecting early winter season(November 25,2017~December 2)of a total of six times a day,7 days without rain and snow,using unmanned aerial vehicle method,based on SOPARC(physical activity observation system)framework,and four observers were observed at the same time for each park.Firstly,the UAV route was planned according to the shape,area and layout characteristics of the park,and the spatial characteristics,number of users,attributes,activity types and spatial location data of the park were obtained.Secondly,the intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to check the UAV observation data with the synchronous ground observation data.Thirdly,descriptive statistics were carried out on the data of park users,activity time and activity type.Finally,GIS was used to analyze the spatial density of physical activity population.The purpose of this study is to deeply understand the physical activities and spatial distribution in winter and to guide the construction and improvement of physical activity space in urban parks in China cold regions.