二次电池金属锂负极的研究进展

Research progress of lithium metal anode for secondary batteries

金属锂负极具有极高的比容量、极低的密度和最负的电势,被认为是最有希望的下一代高能量密度型电池的负极材料。然而,在反复充放电过程中,锂负极会出现严重的粉化和枝晶生长,造成安全隐患,极大地降低了电池的性能,缩短了使用寿命。综述了近年来国内外针对金属锂负极存在问题进行的改性研究进展,从锂负极存在问题的根源、锂枝晶的生长模式以及近年来改善锂负极的举措三个方面出发,重点针对锂枝晶问题开展分析,并予以展望,为高能量密度锂电池的商业化研究提供借鉴。

Lithium metal is the most promising negative electrode for the next-generation battery with high energy density,for its ultra-high capacity,low density and most negative electrode potential. However,the intractable dendritic-lithium growth during repeated charge and discharge process will result in severe safety concerns,poor electrochemical performance,and poor lifespan. The fundamental issues of lithium metal,growth pattern of lithium dendrite,and the recently proposed methods to suppress dendriticlithium growth are reviewed. The main purpose of this review is to provide reference for the commercial research of high energy density battery.