游客记忆视角的景观关注度研究——以黄山风景区为例

RESEARCH ON LANDSCAPE ATTENTION FROM TOURISTS’ MEMORY PERSPECTIVE: A CASE STUDY OF HUANGSHAN SCENIC AREA

记忆是表现空间和地方重要的积极要素,在人与地方的关系建立中起着关键作用。文章以网络游记为数据源,基于游客记忆开展景观关注度研究,提出游客景点记忆衰减的概念模型。为景区发展、旅游消费提供理论指导,从旅游产业角度回应"美好生活需求"。研究发现:(1)10%的景点数量占据了94%的记忆份额;(2)能成为游客群体共同记忆的景点不多,黄山风景区有名字的299个景点中被游记记载的篇均次大于1的只有10个;(3)新世纪黄山风景区的山峰类景观点是游客记忆的核心,由游记高频词汇概括出的黄山"新五绝"为名峰、奇松、怪石、云海、日出;(4)景点关闭轮休导致其关注度下降,说明游览体验是游客景点记忆的重要影响因素。此外,黄山风景区的案例研究,印证了游客景观认知-记忆-表达过程中景观数量大幅衰减的规律。

Landscape memory is an important field of cultural geography and plays a key role in the establishment of the relationship between people and places.In the process of tourism,tourists’memory of destination landscape is the subjective image formed from the objective unfamiliar environment on the basis of pre-tour cognition and tour experience.The exploration of tourists’landscape memory is helpful to find out tourists’preferences,shape and project the destination image that suits the public demand.In this paper,a conceptual model of memory attenuation of tourist attractions is proposed,that is,"objective scene-perceptual image-memory image-expressive image".The study found that:1)10%of the number of scenic spots accounted for 94%of the memory share;2)There are not many scenic spots that can be remembered by tourists.Among 299 scenic spots with names in Huangshan scenic area,only 10 spots are recorded by travel notes more than once in average;3)Peaks are the core of the tourists’memory in Huangshan scenic area.And"five new wonders"of Huangshan can be summarized from travel notes:famous peaks,Huangshan pines,strange stones,sea of clouds and sunrise.4)Scenic spot closure rotation led to a decline in attention.