社会托幼资源、隔代照料与中老年人劳动参与

Social Resources for Childcare,Caringfor Grandchildren by Grandparentsand Labor Force Participation of the Middle-aged and Elderly

本文将社会托幼资源、隔代照料与中老年人劳动供给纳入一个统一的分析框架,基于CHNS1991-2006年六期数据,利用工具变量法实证检验照料0~6岁儿童对中老年人劳动参与的影响,以及社区托幼资源在中老年人隔代照料与劳动供给关系中的作用。研究发现:隔代照料会使中老年人劳动参与显著降低约20%,隔代照料时长每周增加1个小时会使中老年人劳动参与下降约6.9%,使退休概率上升约6%。社会托幼资源对中老年人提供隔代照料的影响主要体现在托幼成本上,社区托幼成本上升会显著增加中老年人提供隔代照料的概率和每周提供隔代照料的时长。积极破解"幼有所育"难题,解决中老年人的"工作-家庭"冲突,不仅有利于保证生育政策调整的效果,还有利于实现老龄社会人力资源的有效利用。

Exploring the employment effect of social childcare resources on the middle-aged and elderly is of great significance for improving the effectiveness of the birth policy and solving the dilemma of the reform of the employment system for the middle-aged and elderly.This paper integrates social care resources,grandparents care grandchildren and employment of the elderly into a unified analysis framework.Based on the data of the six periods of CHNS 1991-2006,the IV method is used to empirically test the care of children aged 0-6 on the impact of employment,and the role of community childcare resources in the relationship between childcare and employment in the elderly.The study found that care grandchildren will significantly reduce the labor participation probability of the middle-aged and elderly by about 20%.The increase of one hour per week in care grandchildren will reduce the labor participation probability of the middle-aged and elderly by about 6.9%and increase the retirement probability by about 6%.The impact of community care resources on the provision of care grandchildren for the elderly is more reflected in the cost of child care.The rising cost of child care will significantly increase the probability and the time to care grandchildren.Actively cracking the childcare problem and the"work-family"conflict of the middle-aged and elderly is not only ensuring the effect of adjustment of the birth policy,but also conducive to the sustainable use of human resources in the aged society.