基于DEA-Malmquist模型的河南省旅游产业效率研究

Study on efficiency of the tourism industry based on DEA-Malmquist model in Henan Province

选用住宿餐饮业固定资产投资、第三产业从业人员数、星级饭店数为投入指标和国内旅游收入、入境旅游创汇为产出指标,采用DEA-Malmquist模型对河南省旅游产业效率进行测算并分析其空间差异及形成原因.研究结果显示,河南省旅游产业效率空间分布不均衡,区域差距较大.技术效率变化西北高、东南低,呈上下振荡式演变,稳定性差;技术进步指数中部高、周围低,技术进步趋势明显;纯技术效率变化与技术效率变化分布相似,呈现先上升而后下降趋势;规模效率变化总体差距不大,大部分时段表现为规模收益递减;全要素生产率北部高、东南低,大部分时段旅游产业效率均有所提高.技术进步是影响旅游产业效率的关键因素,主导着河南省旅游产业效率变动.

This paper estimates the tourism production efficiency in Henan Province and analyzes its spatial differences and the causes of differences adopting DEA-Malmquist mode choosing the investment in Fixed Assets in accommodation and restaurants,number of employees in Tertiary Industry and total number of Starred Hotels as input indicators and the revenue from domestic tourism and the revenue from international tourism as output indicators.The results shows that it is unbalanced in spatial distribution of Tourism Industry Efficiency and there is large disparity between regions.The value of Technical Efficiency is large in northwest Henan Province and small in southeast Henan Province which evolves oscillating and lack of stability.Technical change is large in central Henan Province and small around the central region of Henan Province and the trend of technological progress is obvious.The distribution of Pure Technical Efficiency is similar to that of Technical Efficiency which shows a trend of rising first and then declining.The overall gap of scale efficiency is not so big between regions in Henan Province and most of the time is shown as diminishing returns to scale.The value total factor productivity(TFP)is large in northern Henan Province and small in southeast Henan Province and the tourism productivity has improved most of the time.Technicalchange is the key factor affecting the efficiency of tourism industry which plays a leading role in the change of tourism productivity.