哲学诠释学观照下的歌德《西东合集》复译研究及翻译策略探讨

A Study on Chinese Retranslation and Relevant Strategies of Goethe’s West-?stlicher Divan from the Perspective of Philosophical Hermeneutics

《西东合集》(West-östlicher Divan)为歌德晚年成熟诗艺的结晶,横跨东西方文化,充满东方精神的自然—神性,是歌德给当时战乱不断、精神倒退的欧洲大陆开出的一剂药方。这样一部杰作在译介歌德已有百年的中国却颇受冷遇,在唯一的全译本(钱春绮译本)中,“形式对等”优先于“内容对等”成为一个突出的问题,以致译文没有把握住歌德诗学的原意及精神。本文将在哲学诠释学的框架内就此问题进行探讨,借助伽达默尔的对话理论来探究翻译中的文本意义方向,以期促进对这部作品的翻译研究。分析表明,不能用方法论去任意切割文本,更不能一概而论地划定形式对等和内容对等的优先性,译者应当在与文本的对话中理解文本及其内在精神,让原文本的精神在新的语言世界里以新的方式继续存续。

As Goethe’s last collection of poems,West-östlicher Divan is the crystallization of his mature poetic art in his later years.It integrates eastern and western cultures and is filled with the natural-divine nature of oriental spirit.In fact,it’s a prescription that Goethe gave to the war-torn,spiritual retrogression in 19th century Europe.However,this masterpiece has so far only a limited reception in China,with few Chinese translations.In one translation(Qian Chunqi),“formal equivalence”takes priority over“content equivalence”.Therefore the translation fails to grasp the original meaning and spirit of Goethe poetry.This article will explore this issue within the framework of philosophical hermeneutics,and,with the help of Gadamer’s dialogue theory,will explore the meaning of text in translation,in order to promote the translation and further research of this great work.The conclusion drawn from this article is that methodologies cannot be used to arbitrarily cut texts,let alone to generally prioritize“formal equivalence”and“content equivalence”.Translators should understand the text and its inner spirit by way of a dialogue with the text,and should try to let the spirit of the original text exist in new ways in the new language world.