唐代家训、家法、家风与童蒙教育考察

A study of family motto, family law, family ethics and children’s education in Tang Dynasty

本文从隋唐帝国的兴起、士族的兴衰和科举的兴盛等视角考察了家训、家法、家风与童蒙教育的关系。笔者认为唐代家训的重要特点就是形成了中国以诗书传家的文化传统,兼顾忠孝、勤学、节俭和谦让,对后世影响极深。唐代家族的兴衰与其家训、家法、家风和家学密切相关。因此,名门士族往往把家训、家法、家风和家学作为维护门第不衰的重要手段,客观上促进了家学的发展,推动了唐代童蒙教育的兴盛。诗书传家,读书便是“随身宝”的观念成为士人的普遍价值观念,为教化社会,繁荣文化,维护社会秩序,起到了积极作用。

From the perspectives of the rise of the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the rise and fall of the gentry and the prosperity of the imperial examination,this paper studies the relationship between family precepts,family law,family ethics and children’s education.The author believes that the important feature of family motto in the Tang Dynasty is that it has formed the cultural tradition of passing on poetry and books,taking into account loyalty,diligence,frugality and modesty,which has a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty family was closely related to their family motto,family law,family ethics and family learning.Therefore,famous families often regarded family precepts,family law,family ethics and family learning as the important means to maintain the family status,which objectively promoted the development of family studies and also the prosperity of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of“carry-on treasure”has become the common value of scholars and has played a positive role in educating society,prospering culture and maintaining social order.