马克思恩格斯希腊罗马史观探析——从氏族共同体的束缚到个体的异化

On Marx and Engels’ View of Greek and Roman History: From the Bondage of Clan Community to the Alienation of Individual

马克思恩格斯将希腊罗马社会发展线索定位为一个由"氏族共同体束缚"走向"个体异化"的过程。与其类似,马克思恩格斯将中世纪到市民社会的社会发展线索也定位为一个由"封建宗法共同体束缚"走向"个体异化"的过程。两相比较可见,马克思恩格斯笔下的希腊罗马史与中世纪到市民社会的社会发展史,乃是同一观念的不同版本而已。可以说,马克思恩格斯的希腊罗马史观乃是他们人类社会发展史观"共同体束缚"→"个体异化"→"个性自由"三段论的前奏,其真正指归乃是为了最终推出"个性自由"与"自由人的联合体"。

The clue of social development in ancient Greece and Rome,is interpreted by Marx and Engels,as a process evolving from"clan community bondage"to"individual alienation".A similar clue is also found within a history from the Middle Ages(feudal hierarchy)to the civil society.A comparison of such tells that the two stages of history fall into just two versions of the same concept.In other words,Marx and Engels’historical view of ancient Greece and Rome is the prelude to their syllogism of"community bondage"→"individual alienation"→"individual freedom"in the historical view of human social development,and its real purpose is to finally realize"individual freedom"and"a community of free men".