甘蔗机械收获后糖损失的影响因素分析

Major Factors for Controlling Sucrose Losses of Mechanized-harvested Sugarcane

甘蔗收获后因不能及时入榨,堆积储存过程中甘蔗劣变造成蔗糖含量下降,给糖厂带来损失。为了探究甘蔗机收后储存过程中糖分损失的核心影响因素,通过DM540-CPS系统高速粉碎茎段,置于20℃和37℃中储存,连续检测茎段的理化指标变化。采用多元分析法研究储存时长、环境温度和甘蔗品种3个因素对甘蔗储存过程中蔗糖含量、pH和微生物数量的影响,确定在甘蔗储存过程中劣变的核心影响因素。结果显示,储存前12 h内蔗糖损失率高达30.87%,pH由5.5降至4.0左右,真菌数量显著增加。3个环境因素中,储存时长是影响劣变程度的最核心因素,较高的环境温度能加快劣变发生,甘蔗品种影响蔗糖含量但不影响劣变程度。因此,糖厂应尽可能将采收安排在环境温度较低的天气中,并于12 h内完成压榨。

SThe delay in milling post-harvest raw leads to deterioration of raw cane,which could be a loss to sugar mills.To find out the major factors affecting the sucrose losses during post-harvest storage,sugarcane stalks were crushed using DM540-CPS system and stored at 20℃ and 37℃.The effects of the stored time,environment temperature and varieties of sugarcane on the sucrose content,pH value and microbial(fungi and bacteria)number during storage were determined by multi-factors analysis.The results showed that the sucrose reduced by 30.87%within the first 12 hours,the pH dropped to 4.0 from 5.5 and the fungal amounts significantly increased.Multifactors analysis indicated that the stored time was the major factor,and higher environmental temperature promoted the cane deterioration.Sugarcane varieties affected sucrose content,but didn’t affect the degree of deterioration.Therefore,the mills should conduct mechanical harvesting in low environmental temperature and complete milling of raw cane within 12 hours.